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Invasive Species Details

Tree of Heaven, Chinasumac, Copaltree, Varnishtree

System : Terrestrial
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus and species
Plantae Spermatophyta Dicotyledonae Rutales Simaroubaceae Ailanthus altissima L.
Common Name:

Tree of Heaven, Chinasumac, Copaltree, Varnishtree

Synonym:

Ailanthus altissima var. erythrocarpa (Carrière) Rehder, Ailanthus altissima f. erythrocarpa (Carrière) Rehder, Ailanthus altissima f. erythrocarpa (Carrière) Rehder, Ailanthus altissima var. leucoxyla B.C.Ding & T.B.Chao, Ailanthus altissima var. microphylla B.C.Ding & T.B.Chao, Ailanthus altissima var. pendulifolia (Dippel) Rehder, Ailanthus altissima f. pendulifolia (Dippel) Rehder, Ailanthus altissima var. ramosissima B.C.Ding & T.B.Chao, Ailanthus altissima f. rubra (H.Jaeger) Geerinck, Ailanthus cacodendron (Ehrh.) Schinz & Thell., Ailanthus erythrocarpa Carrière, Ailanthus esquirolii H.Lév., Ailanthus giraldii var. duclouxii Dode, Ailanthus glandulosa Desf., Ailanthus glandulosa var. erythocarpa (Carrière) Mouill., Ailanthus glandulosa f. erythocarpa (Carrière) C.K.Schneid., Ailanthus glandulosa f. pendulifolia Dippel, Ailanthus glandulosa var. pendulifolia (Dippel) Carrière ex Rehder, Ailanthus glandulosa f. rubra (H.Jaeger) Dippel, Ailanthus glandulosa var. spinosa M.Vilm. & Boiss., Ailanthus glandul

Summary:

It originates from North and Central China, Taiwan and Korea. It is a deciduous tree that sheds its leaves in winter and grows up to 30 m in height. It prefers moist and calcareous soils but is very tolerant of soil type and acidity. Drought tolerant but not tolerant of stagnant water and excessive shade. It is found in forest interiors, parks, roadsides, residential areas, tea plantations and other agricultural areas, railways and highways, and along creeks. It can spread at elevations above 2000 m above the coast. Life form is tree.

Type Description

It originates from North and Central China, Taiwan and Korea. It is deciduous in winter and grows up to 30 m in height. Single pubescent compound leaves can reach 90 cm. The leaflets are hairy or bare. The lowest leaflet has a large pouch and a blunt tooth. The ovate pointed leaflets can grow up to 25 cm long. The first leaves are bronze in color. At the base of the leaflet, which is mostly lobed, there are 1-3 pairs of teeth with glandular sacs and the leaflets are full-margined. The small yellow flowers form a large compound raceme. The plant is dioecious. Fruits are of the winged nus (samara) type and the fruit wing is curved (Davis, 1965-1988; Anşin and Özkan, 1993; Chun, 2006; Uludağ, 2015).

Habitat

It is distributed in all regions of our country. It is naturalized in large areas in America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia (Uludağ, 2015).

Reproductive Information

Lifecycle

Nutrition Information

General Impact Information

While it causes serious damage to natural plant taxa in the ecosystems it enters, especially nutrients and shading, it can also cause irreversible damage with the changes it creates in the soil structure. It can cause serious yield losses in agricultural and afforestation areas. Its water consumption, especially in arid ecosystems, and the fact that it is very difficult to eradicate in infected ecosystems make its damage even more important.

General Management Information

General Pathway Information

Although its introduction into new ecosystems is considered to be mainly due to human influence, it can spread quite rapidly thanks to its seeds, which it produces in large quantities, winged nus fruits with curved wings and can easily reach long distances, especially thanks to the wind. On the other hand, its ability to produce strong root and stump shoots and its cultivation due to its high caloric wood can be listed as vectors that increase the spread of the plant. In case the natural cover of the soil is disturbed by various means, it can show itself as a pioneer tree in the area and become invasive. Although the entry route of the species into our country is not known for certain, its fruits are the most likely vectors. The fruits of the species are of the samara type with twisted wings that can be transported easily and over long distances by wind. Considering the terminology used internationally, it was evaluated that it entered our country both intentionally (human) and naturally (wind).

Notes

While its valuable wood is used in furniture, it is also used as fuel due to its high calorific value. On the other hand, its resistance to weather conditions makes it suitable for outdoor use. Despite its odor, its leaves are used in China for breeding a kind of silkworm. Due to its austerity, it is especially suitable for afforestation of sloping and soil-poor areas subject to erosion. Although its wood can be used both in furniture and as fuel due to its high calorific value (Anşin and Özkan, 1993), it is not currently utilized in the furniture industry in our country.

References

LOCATIONS

Seas or cities with distribution records for Tree of Heaven, Chinasumac, Copaltree, Varnishtree

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1 Adana Detail

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1 Adıyaman Detail

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1 Afyonkarahisar Detail

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1 Ağrı Detail

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1 Amasya Detail

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1 Ankara Detail

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1 Antalya Detail

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1 Artvin Detail

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1 Aydın Detail

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1 Balıkesir Detail

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1 Bilecik Detail

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1 Bingöl Detail

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1 Bitlis Detail

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1 Bolu Detail

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1 Burdur Detail

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1 Bursa Detail

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1 Çanakkale Detail

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1 Çankırı Detail

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1 Çorum Detail

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1 Denizli Detail

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1 Diyarbakır Detail

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1 Edirne Detail

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1 Elazığ Detail

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1 Erzincan Detail

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1 Erzurum Detail

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1 Eskişehir Detail

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1 Gaziantep Detail

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1 Giresun Detail

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1 Gümüşhane Detail

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1 Hakkari Detail

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1 Hatay Detail

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1 Isparta Detail

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1 Mersin Detail

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1 İstanbul Detail

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1 İzmir Detail

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1 Kars Detail

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1 Kastamonu Detail

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1 Kayseri Detail

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1 Kırklareli Detail

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1 Kırşehir Detail

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1 Kocaeli Detail

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1 Konya Detail

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1 Kütahya Detail

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1 Malatya Detail

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1 Manisa Detail

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1 Kahramanmaraş Detail

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1 Mardin Detail

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1 Muğla Detail

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1 Muş Detail

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1 Nevşehir Detail

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1 Niğde Detail

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1 Ordu Detail

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1 Rize Detail

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1 Sakarya Detail

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1 Samsun Detail

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1 Siirt Detail

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1 Sinop Detail

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1 Sivas Detail

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1 Tekirdağ Detail

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1 Tokat Detail

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1 Trabzon Detail

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1 Tunceli Detail

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1 Şanlıurfa Detail

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1 Uşak Detail

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1 Van Detail

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1 Yozgat Detail

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1 Zonguldak Detail

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1 Aksaray Detail

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1 Bayburt Detail

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1 Karaman Detail

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1 Kırıkkale Detail

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1 Batman Detail

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1 Şırnak Detail

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1 Bartın Detail

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1 Ardahan Detail

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1 Iğdır Detail

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1 Yalova Detail

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1 Karabük Detail

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1 Kilis Detail

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1 Osmaniye Detail

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1 Düzce Detail

IMPACT INFORMATION

Girdiği ekosistemlerdeki doğal bitki taksonları üzerinde başta besin ve gölgeleme olmak üzere ciddi zararlar oluştururken, toprak yapısında oluşturduğu değişimlerle de çoğu zaman geri dönüşü çok zor zararlara neden olabilmektedir. Tarım alanlarında ve ağaçlandırma sahalarında çok ciddi verim kayıplarına neden olabilmektedir. Özellikle kurak ekosistemlerdeki su tüketimi ve bulaştığı ekosistemlerde eradikasyonunun hayli zor oluşu zararını daha da önemli kılmaktadır. 

LOCATIONS

Adana

Adıyaman

Afyonkarahisar

Ağrı

Amasya

Ankara

Antalya

Artvin

Aydın

Balıkesir

Bilecik

Bingöl

Bitlis

Bolu

Burdur

Bursa

Çanakkale

Çankırı

Çorum

Denizli

Diyarbakır

Edirne

Elazığ

Erzincan

Erzurum

Eskişehir

Gaziantep

Giresun

Gümüşhane

Hakkari

Hatay

Isparta

Mersin

İstanbul

İzmir

Kars

Kastamonu

Kayseri

Kırklareli

Kırşehir

Kocaeli

Konya

Kütahya

Malatya

Manisa

Kahramanmaraş

Mardin

Muğla

Muş

Nevşehir

Niğde

Ordu

Rize

Sakarya

Samsun

Siirt

Sinop

Sivas

Tekirdağ

Tokat

Trabzon

Tunceli

Şanlıurfa

Uşak

Van

Yozgat

Zonguldak

Aksaray

Bayburt

Karaman

Kırıkkale

Batman

Şırnak

Bartın

Ardahan

Iğdır

Yalova

Karabük

Kilis

Osmaniye

Düzce
MECHANISM

OUTCOMES

  • Modification of hydrology/water regulation, purification and quality /soil moisture

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

LOCATIONS
MANAGEMENT CATEGORY
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